금강경 영문판입니다.

불교공부하시고 포교하시는데 도움 되시길 바랍니다.

대한불교조계종 국제팀 자료입니다.

13

After that, Subhuti asked the Buddha, "What should this sutra be called and how should we act regarding its teachings?"

The Buddha replied,"Thls sutra should be called The Diamond that Cuts through Illusion
because it has the capacity to cut through allusions and afflictions and bring us to the
shore of liberation. Please use this title and practice according to its deepest meaning.
Why? What the Tathagata has called the highest, transcendent understanding is not, in
fact, the highest, transcendent understanding. That is why it is truly the highest,
transcendent understanding:"

The Buddha asked,"What do you think, Subhuti? Is there any dharma that the Tathagata
teaches?"

Subhuti replied, "The Tathagata has nothing to teach, World-Honored One."

"What do you think, Subhuti? Are there many particles of dust in the 3,000 chiliocosms?" 

"Very many, World-Honored One."

"Subhuti, the Tathagata says that these particles of dust are not particles of dust, That is
why they are truly particles of dust. And what the Tathagata calls chiliocosms are not in
fact chiliocosms. That is why they are called chiliocosmsl"

"What do you think, Subhuti? Can the Tathagata be recognized by the possession of the
thirty-two marks?" 

The Venerable Subhuti replied, "No, World-Honored One. Why? Because what the
Tathagata calls the thirty-two marks are not essentially marks and that is why the Tathagata calls them the thirty-two marks."

"Subhuti, if as many times as there are grains of sand in the Ganges a son or daughter of
a good family gives up his or her life as an act of generosity and if another daughter or
son of a good family knows how to accept, practice, and explain this sutra to others, even
if only a gatha of four lines, the happiness resulting from explaining this sutra is far
greater." 

 

14

When he had heard this much and penetrated deeply into its significance, the Venerable
Subhuti was moved to tears. He said, "World-Honored One, you are truly rare in this
world. Since the day I attained the eyes of understanding, thanks to the guidance of the
Buddha, I have never before heard teachings so deep and wonderful as these. World-
Honored One, if someone hears this sutra, has pure and clear confidence in it,
and arrives at insight into the truth, that person will realize the rarest kind of virtue. World-Honored
One, that insight into the truth is essentially not insight. That is what the Tathagata calls
insight into the truth.

"World-Honored One, today it is not difficult for me to hear this wonderful sutra, have
confidence in it, understand it, accept it, and put it into practice. But in the future, in 500
years, if there is someone who can hear this sutra, have confidence in it, understand it,
accept it, and put it into practice, then certainly the existence of someone like that will be
great and rare. Why? That person will not be dominated by the idea of a self, a person, a
living being, or a life span. Why? The idea of a self is not an idea, and the ideas of a
person, a living being, and a life span are not ideas either. Why? Buddhas are called
Buddhas because they are free of ideas."

"The Buddha said to Subhuti, "That is quite right. If someone hears this sutra and is not
terrified or afraid, he or she is rare. Why? Subhuti, what the Tathagata calls parama-
paramita, the highest transcendence, is not essentially the highest transcendence,
and that is why it is called the highest transcendence.

"Subhuti, the Tathagata has said that what is called transcendent endurance is not
transcendent endurance. That is why it is called transcendent endurance. Why? Subhuti,
thousands of lifetimes ago when my body was cut into pieces by King Kalinga, I was not
caught in the idea of a self, a person, a living being, or a life span. If, at that time, I had
been caught up in any of those ideas, I would have felt anger and ill-will against the king.

"I also remember in ancient times, for 500 lifetimes, I practiced transcendent endurance
by not being caught up in the idea of a self, a person, a living being, or a life span. So,
Subhuti, when a bodhisattva gives rise to the unequalled mind of awakening, he has to give up all ideas. He cannot not rely on forms when he gives rise to that mind, nor on sounds,
smells, tastes, tactile objects, or objects of mind.
He can only give rise to that mind that is not caught up in anything.

"The Tathagata has said that all notions are not notions and that all living beings are not
living beings. Subhuti, the Tathagata is one who speaks of things as they are, speaks what
is true, and speaks in accord with reality. He does not speak deceptively or to please
people. Subhuti, if we say that the Tagthagata has realized a teaching, that teaching is
neither graspable nor deceptive.

"Subhuti, a bodhisattva who still depends on notions to practice generosity is like someone
walking in the dark. He will not see anything. But when a bodhisattva does not depend on
notions to practice generosity, he is like someone with good eyesight walking under the
bright light of the sun. He can see all shapes and colors.

"Subhuti, if in the future there is any daughter or son of good family who has the capacity
to accept, read, and put into practice this sutra, the Tathagata will see that person with his
eyes of understanding.
The Tathagata will know that person, and that person will realize the measureless, limitless fruit of her or his virtuous act."

 

15

"Subhuti, if on the one hand, a daughter or son of a good family gives up her or his life in
the morning as many times as there are grains of sand in the Ganges as an act of
generosity, and gives as many again in the afternoon and as many again in the evening,
and continues doing so for countless ages; and if, on the other hand, another person
listens to this sutra with complete confidence and without contention, that person's
happiness will be far greater. But the happiness of one who writes this sutra down,
receives, recites, and explains it to others cannot be compared.

"In summary, Subhuti, this sutra brings about boundless virtue and happiness that cannot
be conceived or measured. If there is someone capable of receiving, practicing, reciting,
and sharing this sutra with others, the Tathagata will see and know that person, and he or
she will have inconceivable, indescribable, and incomparable virtue. Such a person will be
able to shoulder the highest, most fulfilled, awakened career of the Tathagata. Why?
Subhuti, if one is content with the small teachings, if he or she is still caught up in the idea
of a self, a person, a living being, or a life span, he or she will not be able to listen,
receive, recite, and explain this sutra to others. Subhuti, any place this sutra is found is a
place where gods, men, and asuras will come to make offerings. Such a place is a shrine
and should be venerated with formal ceremonies, circumambulations, and offerings of
flowers and incense." 

 

16

"Furthermore, Subhuti, if a son or daughter of good family, while reciting and practicing
this sutra, is disdained or slandered, his or her misdeeds committed in past lives, including those that could bring about an evil destiny, will be eradicated, and he or she will attain the
fruit of the most fulfilled, awakened mind. Subhuti, in ancient times before I met Buddha
Dipankara, I had made offerings to and had been attendant of all 84,000 multi-millions of
buddhas. If someone is able to receive, recite, study, and practice this sutra in the last
epoch, the happiness brought about by this virtuous act is hundreds of thousands times
greater than that which I brought about in ancient times. In fact, such happiness cannot be conceived or compared with anything, even mathematically. Such happiness is
immeasurable.

"Subhuti, the happiness resulting from the virtuous act of a son or daughter of good family
who receives, recites, studies, and practices this sutra in the last epoch will be so great
that if I were to explain it now in detail, some people would become suspicious and
disbelieving, and their minds might become disoriented. Subhuti, you should know that the
meaning of this sutra is beyond conception and discussion. Likewise, the fruit resulting
from receiving and practicing this sutra is beyond conception and discussion."

 

17

At that time, the Venerable Subhuti said to the Buddha, "World-Honored One, may I ask
you again that if daughters or sons of good family want to give rise to the highest, most
fulfilled, awakened mind, what should they rely on and what should they do to master their
thinking?"

The Buddha replied, "Subhuti, a good son or daughter who wants to give rise to the
highest, most fulfilled, awakened mind should do it in this way: 'We must lead all beings to
the shore of awakening, but, after these beings have become liberated, we do not, in truth, think that a single being has been liberated.' Why is this so? Subhuti, if a bodhisattva is still caught up in the idea of

a self, a person, a living being or a life span, that person is not an authentic bodhisattva.
Why is that?

"Subhuti, in fact, there is no independently existing object of mind called the highest, most
fulfilled, awakened mind. What do you think, Subhuti? In ancient times, when the
Tathagata was living with Buddha Dipankara, did he attain anything called the highest,
most fulfilled, awakened mind?" 

"No, World-Honored One. According to what I understand from the teachings of the
Buddha, there is no attaining of anything called the highest, most fulfilled, awakened mind."

The Buddha said, "Right you are, Subhuti. In fact, there does not exist the so-called
highest, most fulfilled, awakened mind that the Tathagata attains. Because if there had
been any such thing, Buddha Dipankara would not have predicted of me, 'In the future,
you will come to be a Buddha called Shakyamuni.' This prediction was made because
there is, in fact, nothing that can be attained that is called the highest, most fulfilled,
awakened mind. Why? Tathagata means the suchness of all things (dharmas). Someone
would be mistaken to say that the Tathagata has attained the highest, most fulfilled,
awakened mind since there is not any highest, most fulfilled, awakened mind to be
attained. Subhuti, the highest, most fulfilled, awakened mind that the Tathagata has
attained is neither graspable nor elusive. This is why the Tathagata has said, 'All dharmas
are Buddhadharma.' What are called all dharmas are, in fact, not all dharmas. That is why
they are called all dharmas.

"Subhuti, a comparison can be made with the idea of a great human body."

Subhuti said, "What the Tathagata calls a great human body is, in fact, not a great human body."

"Subhuti, it is the same concerning bodhisattvas. If a bodhisattva thinks that she has to
liberate all living beings, then she is not yet a bodhisattva. Why? Subhuti, there is no
independently existing object of mind called bodhisattva. Therefore, the Buddha has said
that all dharmas are without a self, a person, a living being, or a life span. Subhuti, if a
bodhisattva thinks, 'I have to create a serene and beautiful Buddha field? that person is not yet a bodhisattva. Why? What the Tathagata calls a serene and beautiful Buddha field is
not in fact a serene and beautiful Buddha field. And that is why it is called a serene and
beautiful Buddha field. Subhuti, any bodhisattva who thoroughly understands the principle
of non-self and non-dharma is called by the Tathagata an authentic bodhisattva."

 

18

"Subhuti, what do you think? Does the Tathagata have the human eye?"

Subhuti replied,"Yes, World-Honored One, the Tathagata does have the human eye."

The Buddha asked, "Subhuti, what do you think? Does the Tathagata have the divine eye?"

Subhuti said, "Yes, World-Honored One, the Tathagata does have the divine eye."

"Subhuti, what do you think? Does the Tathagata have the eye of insight?"

Subhuti replied,"Yes, World-Honored One, the Tathagata does have the eye of insight."

"Subhuti, what do you think? Does theTathagata have the eye of transcendent wisdom?"

"Yes, World-Honored One, the Tathagata does have the eye of transcendent wisdom."

The Buddha asked, "Does the Tathagata have the Buddha eye?"

"Yes, World-Honored One, the Tathagata does have the Buddha eye."

"Subhuti, what do you think? Does the Buddha see the sand in the Ganges as sand?"

Subhuti said, "World-Honored One, the Tathagata also calls it sand."

"Subhuti, if there were as many Ganges Rivers as the number of grains of sand of the
Ganges and there was a Buddha land for each grain of sand in all those Ganges Rivers,
would those Buddha lands be many?"

"Yes, World-Honored One, very many."
 
The Buddha said, "Subhuti, however many living beings there are in all these Buddha
lands, though they each have a different mentality, the Tathagata understands them all.
Why is that? Subhuti, what the Tathagata calls different mentalities are not in fact different
mentalities. That is why they are called different mentalities."

"Why? Subhuti, the past mind cannot be grasped, neither can the present mind or the future mind."

 

19

"What do you think, Subhuti? If someone were to fill the 3,000 chiliocosms with precious
treasures as an act of generosity, would that person bring great happiness by his virtuous
act?" "Yes, very much, World-Honored One."

"Subhuti, if such happiness were conceived as an entity separate from everything else, the Tathagata would not have said it to be great, but because it is ungraspable, the Tathagata
has said that the virtuous act of that person brought about great happiness."

 

20

"Subhuti, what do you think? Can the Tathagata be perceived by his perfectly formed body?"

"No, World-Honored One. What the Tathagata calls a perfectly formed body is not in fact a
perfectly formed body. That is why it is called a perfectly formed body." 

"What do you think, Subhuti? Can the Tathagata be perceived by his perfectly formed physiognomy?" 

"No, World-Honored One. It is impossible to perceive the Tathagata by any perfectly
formed physiognomy. Why? Because what the Tathagata calls perfectly formed
physiognomy is not in fact perfectly formed physiognomy. That is why it is called perfectly
formed physiognomy." 

 

21

"Subhuti, do not say that the Tathagata conceives the idea 'I will give a teaching? Do not
think that way. Why? If anyone says that the Tathagata has something to teach, that
person slanders the Buddha because he does not understand what I say. Subhuti, giving a Dharma talk in fact means that no talk is given. This is truly a Dharma talk."

Then, Insight-Life Subhuti said to the Buddha, "World-Honored One, in the future, will
there be living beings who will feel complete confidence when they hear these words?" 

The Buddha said, "Subhuti, those living beings are neither living beings nor non-living
beings. Why is that? Subhuti, what the Tathagata calls non-living beings are truly living
beings."

 

22

Subhuti asked the Buddha, "World-Honored One, is the highest, most fulfilled, awakened
mind that the Buddha attained the unattainable?"

The Buddha said, "That is right, Subhuti. Regarding the highest, most fulfilled, awakened
mind, I have not attained anything. That is why it is called the highest, most fulfilled,
awakened mind."

 

23

"Furthermore, Subhuti, that mind is everywhere equally. Because it is neither high nor low,
it is called the highest, most fulfilled, awakened mind. The fruit of the highest, most fulfilled, awakened mind is realized through the practice of all wholesome actions in the spirit of
non-self, nonperson, non-living being, and non-life span. Subhuti, what are called
wholesome actions are in fact not wholesome actions. That is why they are called
wholesome actions."

 

24

"Subhuti, if someone were to fill the 3,000 chiliocosms with piles of the seven precious
treasures as high as Mount Sumeru as an act of generosity, the happiness resulting from
this is much less than that of another person who knows how to accept, practice, and
explain the Vajracchedika Prajnaparamita Sutra to others. The happiness resulting from
the virtue of a person who practices this sutra, even if it is only a gatha of four lines,
cannot be described by using examples or mathematics."

 

25

"Subhuti, do not say that the Tathagata has the idea, 'I will bring living beings to the shore
of liberation.' Do not think that way, Subhuti. Why? In truth there is not one single being
for the Tathagata to bring to the other shore. If the Tathagata were to think there was, he
would be caught in the idea of a self, a person, a living being, or a life span. Subhuti, what
the Tathagata calls a self essentially has no self in the way that ordinary persons think
there is a self. Subhuti, the

Tathagata does not regard anyone as an ordinary person. That is why he can call them
ordinary persons."

 

26

"What do you think, Subhuti? Can someone meditate on the Tathagata by means of the
thirty-two marks?" 

Subhuti said, "Yes, World-Honored One. We should use the thirty-two marks to meditate
on the Tathagata."

The Buddha said, "If you say that you can use the thirty-two marks to see the Tathagata,
then the Cakravartin is also a Tathagata?"

Subhuti said, "World-Honored One, I understand your teaching. One should not use the
thirty-two marks to meditate on the Tathagata."

Then the World-Honored One spoke this verse:
 
"Someone who looks for me in form or seeks me in sound 

is on a mistaken path and cannot see the Tathagata."

 

27

"Subhuti, if you think that the Tathagata realizes the highest, most fulfilled, awakened mind
and does not need to have all the marks, you are wrong. Subhuti, do not think in that way.
Do not think that when one gives rise to the highest, most fulfilled, awakened mind, one
needs to see all objects of mind as nonexistent, cut off from life. Please do not think in that
way. One who gives rise to the highest, most fulfilled, awakened mind does not contend
that all objects of mind are nonexistent and cut off from life."

 

28

"Subhuti, if a bodhisattva were to fill the 3,000 chiliocosms with the seven precious
treasures, as many as the number of sand grains in the Ganges as an act of generosity,
the happiness brought about by his or her virtue is less than that brought about by
someone who has understood and wholeheartedly accepted the truth that all dharmas are
of selfless nature and is able to live and bear fully this truth. Why is that, Subhuti?
Because a bodhisattva does not need to build up virtue and happmess."

Subhuti asked the Buddha, "What do you mean, World-Honored One, when you say that a
bodhisattva does not need to build up virtue and happiness?"

"Subhuti, a bodhisattva gives rise to virtue but is not caught in the idea of virtue and
happiness. That is why the Tathagata has said that a bodhisattva does not need to build up
virtue and happiness." 

 

29

"Subhuti, if someone says that the World-Honored One comes, goes, sits, and lies down,
that person has not understood what I have said. Why? The meaning of Tathagata is 'does not come from anywhere and does not go anywhere? That is why he is called a
Tathagata."

 

30
"Subhuti, if a daughter or son of a good family were to grind the 3,000 chiliocosms to
particles of dust, do you think there would be many particles?" Subhuti replied, "World-
Honored One, there would be many indeed. Why? If particles of
dust had a real self-existence, the Buddha would not have called them particles of dust.
What the Buddha calls particles of dust are not, in essence, particles of dust. That is why
they can be called particles of dust. World-Honored One, what the Tathagata calls the
3,000 chiliocosms are not chiliocosms. That is why they are called chiliocosms. Why? If
chiliocosms are real, they are a compound of particles under the conditions of being
assembled into an object. That which the Tathagata calls a compound is not essentially a
compound. That is why it is called a compound."

"Subhuti, what is called a compound is just a conventional way of speaking. It has no real
basis. Only ordinary people are caught up in conventional terms."

 

31

"Subhuti, if anyone says that the Buddha has spoken of a self view, a person view, a
living-being view, or a life span view, has that person understood my meaning?"

"No, World-Honored One. Such a person has not understood the Tathagata. Why? What
the Tathagata calls a self view, a person view, a living-being view, or a life span view are
not in essence a self view, a person view, a living-being view, or a life span view. That is
why they are called a self view, a person view, a living-being view, or a life span view." 

"Subhuti, someone who gives rise to the highest, most fulfilled, awakened mind should
know that this is true of all dharmas, should see that all dharmas are like this, should have
confidence in the understanding of all dharmas without any conceptions about dharmas.
Subhuti, what is called a conception of dharmas, the Tathagata has said, is not a
conception of dharmas. That is why it is called a conception of dharmas."

 

32

"Subhuti, if someone were to offer an immeasurable quantity of the seven treasures to fill
the worlds as infinite as space as an act of generosity, the happiness resulting from that
virtuous act would not equal the happiness resulting from a son or daughter of a good
family who gives rise to the awakened mind and reads, recites, accepts,
and puts into practice this sutra, and explains it to others, even if only a gatha of four lines. In what spirit is this explanation given? Without being caught up in signs,
just according to things as they are, without agitation. Why is this?

"All composed things are like a dream, 

a phantom, a drop of dew, a flash of lightning.

That is how to meditate on them, 

that is how to observe them."

After they heard the Lord Buddha deliver this sutra, the Venerable Subhuti, the bhiksus
and bhiksunis, laymen and laywomen, and gods and asuras,
filled with joy and confidence, undertook to put these teachings into practice.