The fundamental of the Buddha’s teaching is the Four Noble truths.

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1. Dukkha ((고성제)- the existence of suffering
2. Samudaya (집성제)- the cause of suffering
3. Nirodha (멸성제)-the cessation of suffering
4. Magga (도성제)- the path to the cessation of suffering 

After the Buddha attained enlightenment, the Four Noble Truths constitute the first teaching he gave to the five ascetics with whom he used to practice.  The Four Noble Truths are: the existence of suffering, the cause of suffering, the cessation of suffering and the path to the cessation of suffering. That is, this world is suffering, and the cause of suffering lies in our cravings and worldly desires. Thus, in order to end suffering, one must remove craving by practicing the Noble Eightfold Path. When one establishes a solid insight into all the suffering humans create, one can embark on genuine practice and overcome suffering. The Four Noble Truths are the foundation of the Buddha’s teachings. They are also important as they explain the Buddhist view on life and the world.

"He, who has taken refuge in the Buddha, the Dharma and the Sangha, penetrates with right wisdom the Four Noble Truths — suffering, the cause of suffering, the cessation of suffering, and the Noble Eightfold Path leading to the cessation of suffering."

-Dhammapada 190-191

- excerpt from Buddhist English (Elementary 2) published in 2014 by the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism​​​   

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